鄂尔多斯高原沙地柏液流通量及其影响因子

[目的]分析沙地柏液流通量变化特征及主要影响因子,为沙地植被的保护提供理论依据。[方法]以鄂尔多斯高原沙地植被的优势种沙地柏为研究对象,利用热扩散(TDP)技术监测生长季沙地柏的液流动态,通过相关分析和回归分析等研究其与气象因子的关系。[结果]晴天沙地柏的液流通量为单峰曲线,干旱时为双峰曲线。雨天沙地柏的液流通量为单峰或双峰曲线。晴天沙地柏液流通量的最大值是2.30～23.38 g/(cm~2·h)。沙地柏液流通量对降雨的响应具有1～4 d的时滞。生长季沙地柏液流通量与光合有效辐射、水汽压亏缺、气温和风速均呈显著正相关,而与相对湿度和降雨量呈显著负相关。[结论]鄂尔多斯高原沙地柏的液流通量随天气而变化。太阳辐射和水分是沙地柏液流通量的主要影响因子。建议当地加强对沙地柏灌丛的保护,防止由于过度水分消耗导致的植被退化。     

碱胁迫下榆叶梅差异基因表达分析

为了解榆叶梅(Prumus triloba Lindl.)在短期碱胁迫下的分子响应机制,本研究采用Illumina HiSeq^TM2500高通量测序技术对其在0、1、3、6、12 h碱胁迫下的叶片进行了de novo转录组测序,以此鉴定与碱胁迫相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)。结果表明,从5 960万条raw reads中获得了约5 300万条高质量clean reads,经从头组装后获得了124 786条榆叶梅unigenes。基于8 948个 unigenes差异表达(DEGs), GO富集分析发现,其中有28个基因可能在早期碱胁迫响应机制中起着重要作用; KEGG富集分析发现,不同碱处理时间下的KEGG途径(pathways)具有显著差异。对7个碱性胁迫反应相关基因进行RT-qPCR验证,所得基因的表达模式与RNA-Seq数据结果一致,证实了RNA-Seq结果的可靠性。本研究首次对碱胁迫下的榆叶梅叶片进行了转录组分析,获得的序列数据极大地丰富了榆叶梅可利用的基因资源,深入了解了榆叶梅碱胁迫的分子响应机制,同时为研究以榆叶梅为砧木的中国李(Prunus salicina)在碱胁迫下的适应机制奠定了分子研究基础。     

Effects of fish origin probiotics on growth performance,immune response and intestinal health of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed diets with fish meal partially replaced by soybean meal

This study was conducted to evaluate the application of four fish origin probiotics to relieve the side effects induced by SBM in shrimp. Shrimps were fed with high fish meal diet (C0, positive control containing 500 g/kg FM and 0 g/kg SBM), low fish meal diet (C, control containing 250 g/kg FM and 340 g/kg SBM) or the control diet (C) supplemented, respectively, with 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU/g Bacillus pumilus SE5 (T1), Psychrobacter sp. SE6 (T2), Enterococcus faecium MM4 (T3) or Bacillus claussi DE5 (T4). After 6 weeks of feeding, the growth performance, hepatopancreatic digestive enzymes, intestinal histological structure and immune parameters were determined. The results showed that compared with high FM group (C0), significantly lower WGR and SGR as well as higher FCR were observed in the low FM group (C) (p < .05). Compared with the control, significantly lower FCR was observed in treatment T1 (p < .05), but not in treatments T2–T4. Protease, amylase and lipase activities in all the treatments (T1‐T4) were significantly higher than the control (p < .05). GOT and GPT activities in the control were significantly lower than the C0 (p < .05), while higher MDA level was recorded in the control (p < .05). Meanwhile, higher GPT activities were observed in treatments T1‐T4 compared with the control (p < .05). Compared with the C0, lower SOD, ACP and AKP activities were observed in the control. Significantly improved SOD and AKP activities were observed in all probiotic feeding groups compared with the control (p < .05). The control diet led to significant reduction of intestinal wall thickness and villus height compared with the C0 (p < .05), while significantly higher intestinal wall thickness and villus height were exhibited in all the probiotic groups compared with the control (p < .05), except intestinal wall thickness in treatment T3. Thus, these results demonstrated that the four fish origin probiotic strains could relieve the side effects induced by high level of SBM in shrimp, while probiotic B. pumilus SE5 showed the best performance.     

莲属植物资源和育种研究进展

介绍了莲属植物的分布及分类，探讨了莲的生态型及栽培品种类型的划分，总结了野生莲和莲栽培品种的遗传多样性研究进展；介绍了莲属植物的资源和育种研究，资源收集、保存及品种选育现状；梳理了莲在组学、遗传图谱构建及基因挖掘等方面的研究进展；对今后莲属植物资源收集、保护和利用提出建议，认为品种的优质、多样化和专用化是莲属植物的育种方向。     

中国和东盟经济增长对世界经济的影响分析

指出了随着经济全球化进一步发展和中国-东盟自由贸易区建设的推进，中国经济和东盟经济的快速增长对世界经济产生了重要的影响，运用计量方法定量地分析中国、东盟与世界经济增长之间的关系，发现自2000年以后，中国经济与世界经济的相关性逐年加强，但总体水平仍较弱，而东盟经济与世界经济的相关性则较强。阐述了中国、东盟经济与FDI流入之间的冲击关系。     

Effects of stocking density on lipid deposition and expression of lipid-related genes in Amur sturgeon (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Acipenser schrenckii</Emphasis>)

To investigate the correlation between lipid deposition variation and stocking density in Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii) and the possible physiological mechanism, fish were conducted in different stocking densities (LSD 5.5 kg/m³, MSD 8.0 kg/m³, and HSD 11.0 kg/m³) for 70 days and then the growth index, lipid content, lipase activities, and the mRNA expressions of lipid-related genes were examined. Results showed that fish subjected to higher stocking density presented lower final body weights (FBW), specific growth ratio (SGR), and gonad adipose tissue index (GAI) (P < 0.05). Lower lipid content was observed in the liver, gonad adipose tissue and muscle in sturgeons held in HSD group (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased significantly with increasing stocking density, while no significant change was observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Furthermore, the cDNAs encoding lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) were isolated in Amur sturgeon, respectively. The full-length LPL cDNA was composed of 1757 bp with an open reading frame of 501 amino acids, while the complete nucleotide sequences of HL covered 1747 bp encoding 499 amino acids. In the liver, the activities and mRNA levels of LPL were markedly lower in HSD group, which were consistent with the variation tendency of HL. Fish reared in HSD group also presented lower levels of activities and mRNA expression of LPL in the muscle and gonad. Moreover, the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in both the liver and skeletal muscle were significantly upregulated in HSD group. Overall, the results indicated that high stocking density negatively affects growth performance and lipid deposition of Amur sturgeon to a certain extent. The downregulation of LPL and HL and the upregulation of PPARα may be responsible for the lower lipid distribution of Amur sturgeon in higher stocking density.     

高密度二氧化碳对食品中蛋白质结构及其加工特性影响研究进展

非热加工技术已广泛应用于食品加工行业，高密度二氧化碳（dense phase carbon dioxide，DPCD）加工技 术作为一种新型的非热加工技术，因其无毒无害、能耗低、对食品品质影响小等特点，成为国内外食品加工技术研 究的焦点。蛋白质作为食品的重要组成成分，直接影响食品的风味、质构及营养。本文简要介绍DPCD加工技术概 况和特点，总结关于DPCD对蛋白质结构及加工特性影响和DPCD钝酶作用的最新研究进展，展望了DPCD加工技术 的发展前景，为今后非热加工技术应用于食品加工提供重要研究思路。     

甘蔗热带种金属硫蛋白家族基因的克隆及响应重金属胁迫的表达分析

金属硫蛋白是一类富含巯基的低分子量蛋白,在植物的重金属解毒及细胞氧化还原调控等方面起重要的作用。本研究以甘蔗热带种Badila组培苗为材料,分别测定了其在CdCl2、ZnSO4和CuCl2水溶液培养条件下地上部和地下部的重金属含量,结果显示其对上述3种重金属有较强的耐受与富集能力。继而克隆了ScMT1(登录号为KJ504373)、ScMT2-1-5(登录号为MH191346)和ScMT3(登录号为KJ5043704)3个金属硫蛋白家族基因,它们分别属于植物MT亚家族中的MT1、MT2和MT3型基因。ScMT1含有1个内含子和2个外显子,开放阅读框(Open Reading Frame,ORF)长228 bp,编码75个氨基酸;ScMT2-1-5含有2个内含子和3个外显子,ORF长246 bp,编码81个氨基酸;ScMT3含有1个内含子和2个外显子,ORF长198 bp,编码65个氨基酸。RT-qPCR显示,Cd2+胁迫下,在甘蔗地上部和地下部,ScMT2-1-5均连续显著上调表达,而ScMT1的上调应答出现延迟。ScMT3在地上部的上调应答出现延迟,在地下部呈“扬-抑”趋势,提示甘蔗响应Cd^2+胁迫过程中ScMT2-1-5起更积极的作用,ScMT1参与胁迫后期的分子响应,而ScMT3不起主导作用。Cu^2+胁迫下,地上部ScMT1连续显著上调表达,ScMT2-1-5和ScMT3呈总体上调的表达趋势;地下部,ScMT1和ScMT2-1-5的上调表答均出现延迟,仅在胁迫后期显著上调表达,而ScMT3仅在胁迫前期显著上调表达。该结果提示了ScMT1、ScMT2-1-5和ScMT3在Cu2+胁迫响应过程中的协作关系,三者共同参与了地上部的胁迫响应,其中ScMT1起更积极的作用;此外三者还先后参与了地下部对Cu^2+胁迫的分子响应。Zn^2+胁迫下,ScMT1和ScMT3分别仅在地上部和地下部显著上调表达;ScMT2-1-5在地上部和地下部均呈“扬-抑”的应答趋势;提示了在甘蔗响应Cd^2+胁迫应答过程中ScMT1和ScMT3分别在地上部和地下部起主要作用,ScMT2-1-5参与了胁迫前期的分子响应。ScMT1、ScMT2-1-5和ScMT3在甘蔗不同组织中及在重金属(Cd^2+、Zn^2+或Cu^2+)不同累积水平下呈现出相似或互补的应答特性,提示上述甘蔗MT家族不同成员在重金属解毒及细胞氧化还原调控等方面产生了功能分化,且三者在应对过量Cd^2+、Zn^2+或Cu^2+对甘蔗组织造成伤害的过程中存在时空上的协同作用。该研究为深入理解多倍体植物甘蔗中MT家族各成员基因在重金属耐受过程中的协同作用机制奠定了基础。     

草地贪夜蛾与玉米灌浆期3种常见夜蛾科害虫的形态特征比较

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(J. E. Smith)是全球预警的一种重大迁飞性农业害虫。2019年1月入侵我国,目前已扩散蔓延至我国24个省份。田间调查发现,在玉米灌浆期,草地贪夜蛾与黏虫Mythimna separata(Walker)、劳氏黏虫Leucania loreyi(Duponchel)和棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)等夜蛾科害虫常常混合发生,且形态相近,容易混淆,给调查和测报工作带来很大困难。本文详细描述了草地贪夜蛾卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的外部形态特征,比较了其与黏虫、劳氏黏虫和棉铃虫4个虫态在形态特征上的差别,以期为玉米灌浆期草地贪夜蛾的准确鉴别和田间调查提供依据,并为其精准测报奠定基础。